AM UPLOADING THESE PROJECTS NOT TO GET THEM,GET COPIED,NOR TO ENCOURAGE THE PLAGIARISM.
THESE ARE HERE FOR YOU TO GO THROUGH THAT HOW TO BUILD A PROJECT i.e PROJECT REPORTS BUILDS, GET NEW IDEAS AND TO IMPLEMENT A NEW ONE.

ALWAYS TRY TO BUILD A PROJECT OF YOUR OWN , MERE COPYING AND PRINTING WILL LEAD YOU NO WHERE.THESE ARE NOT MY /OR / UNDER GUIDANCE ....PROJECTS ; ONLY FOR REFERRAL .

NO BODY GET HURT ! WISHING ALL WELL .

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SMART ALARM :

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MORE TO COME , KEEP VISITING .

DEAR FRIENDS AND STUDENTS, AM UPLOADING THESE PROJECTS NOT TO GET THEM,GET COPIED AND NOT TO ENCOURAGE THE

1. What arguments do you frequently use for the Perl interpreter and what do they mean?
2. What does the command ‘use strict’ do and why should you use it?
3. What do the symbols $ @ and % mean when prefixing a variable?
4. What elements of the Perl language could you use to structure your code to allow for maximum re-use and maximum readability?
5. What are the characteristics of a project that is well suited to Perl?
6. Why do you program in Perl?
7. Explain the difference between my and local.
8. Explain the difference between use and require.
9. What’s your favorite module and why?
10. What is a hash?
11. Write a simple (common) regular expression to match an IP address, e-mail address, city-state-zipcode combination .
12. What purpose does each of the following serve: -w, strict, -T ?
13. What is the difference between for & foreach, exec & system?
14. Where do you go for Perl help?
15. Name an instance where you used a CPAN module.
16. How do you open a file for writing?
17. How would you replace a char in string and how do you store the number of replacements?
18. When would you not use Perl for a project?

For more visit these Urls:

http://www.techinterviews.com/javascript-tutorials
http://www.techinterviews.com

1. What is garbage collection? What is the process that is responsible for doing that in java? - Reclaiming the unused memory by the invalid objects. Garbage collector is responsible for this process
2. What kind of thread is the Garbage collector thread? - It is a daemon thread.
3. What is a daemon thread? - These are the threads which can run without user intervention. The JVM can exit when there are daemon thread by killing them abruptly.
4. How will you invoke any external process in Java? - Runtime.getRuntime().exec(….)
5. What is the finalize method do? - Before the invalid objects get garbage collected, the JVM give the user a chance to clean up some resources before it got garbage collected.
6. What is mutable object and immutable object? - If a object value is changeable then we can call it as Mutable object. (Ex., StringBuffer, …) If you are not allowed to change the value of an object, it is immutable object. (Ex., String, Integer, Float, …)
7. What is the basic difference between string and stringbuffer object? - String is an immutable object. StringBuffer is a mutable object.
8. What is the purpose of Void class? - The Void class is an uninstantiable placeholder class to hold a reference to the Class object representing the primitive Java type void.
9. What is reflection? - Reflection allows programmatic access to information about the fields, methods and constructors of loaded classes, and the use reflected fields, methods, and constructors to operate on their underlying counterparts on objects, within security restrictions.
10. What is the base class for Error and Exception? - Throwable
11. What is the byte range? -128 to 127
12. What is the implementation of destroy method in java.. is it native or java code? - This method is not implemented.
13. What is a package? - To group set of classes into a single unit is known as packaging. Packages provides wide namespace ability.
14. What are the approaches that you will follow for making a program very efficient? - By avoiding too much of static methods avoiding the excessive and unnecessary use of synchronized methods Selection of related classes based on the application (meaning synchronized classes for multiuser and non-synchronized classes for single user) Usage of appropriate design patterns Using cache methodologies for remote invocations Avoiding creation of variables within a loop and lot more.
15. What is a DatabaseMetaData? - Comprehensive information about the database as a whole.
16. What is Locale? - A Locale object represents a specific geographical, political, or cultural region
17. How will you load a specific locale? - Using ResourceBundle.getBundle(…);
18. What is JIT and its use? - Really, just a very fast compiler… In this incarnation, pretty much a one-pass compiler — no offline computations. So you can’t look at the whole method, rank the expressions according to which ones are re-used the most, and then generate code. In theory terms, it’s an on-line problem.
19. Is JVM a compiler or an interpreter? - Interpreter
20. When you think about optimization, what is the best way to findout the time/memory consuming process? - Using profiler
21. What is the purpose of assert keyword used in JDK1.4.x? - In order to validate certain expressions. It effectively replaces the if block and automatically throws the AssertionError on failure. This keyword should be used for the critical arguments. Meaning, without that the method does nothing.
22. How will you get the platform dependent values like line separator, path separator, etc., ? - Using Sytem.getProperty(…) (line.separator, path.separator, …)
23. What is skeleton and stub? what is the purpose of those? - Stub is a client side representation of the server, which takes care of communicating with the remote server. Skeleton is the server side representation. But that is no more in use… it is deprecated long before in JDK.
24. What is the final keyword denotes? - final keyword denotes that it is the final implementation for that method or variable or class. You can’t override that method/variable/class any more.
25. What is the significance of ListIterator? - You can iterate back and forth.
26. What is the major difference between LinkedList and ArrayList? - LinkedList are meant for sequential accessing. ArrayList are meant for random accessing.
27. What is nested class? - If all the methods of a inner class is static then it is a nested class.
28. What is inner class? - If the methods of the inner class can only be accessed via the instance of the inner class, then it is called inner class.
29. What is composition? - Holding the reference of the other class within some other class is known as composition.
30. What is aggregation? - It is a special type of composition. If you expose all the methods of a composite class and route the method call to the composite method through its reference, then it is called aggregation.
31. What are the methods in Object? - clone, equals, wait, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString
32. Can you instantiate the Math class? - You can’t instantiate the math class. All the methods in this class are static. And the constructor is not public.
33. What is singleton? - It is one of the design pattern. This falls in the creational pattern of the design pattern. There will be only one instance for that entire JVM. You can achieve this by having the private constructor in the class. For eg., public class Singleton { private static final Singleton s = new Singleton(); private Singleton() { } public static Singleton getInstance() { return s; } // all non static methods … }
34. What is DriverManager? - The basic service to manage set of JDBC drivers.
35. What is Class.forName() does and how it is useful? - It loads the class into the ClassLoader. It returns the Class. Using that you can get the instance ( “class-instance”.newInstance() ).
36. Inq adds a question: Expain the reason for each keyword of
public static void main(String args[])

1. What makes J2EE suitable for distributed multitiered Applications?
- The J2EE platform uses a multitiered distributed application model. Application logic is divided into components according to function, and the various application components that make up a J2EE application are installed on different machines depending on the tier in the multitiered J2EE environment to which the application component belongs. The J2EE application parts are:
o Client-tier components run on the client machine.
o Web-tier components run on the J2EE server.
o Business-tier components run on the J2EE server.
o Enterprise information system (EIS)-tier software runs on the EIS server.
2. What is J2EE? - J2EE is an environment for developing and deploying enterprise applications. The J2EE platform consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces (APIs), and protocols that provide the functionality for developing multitiered, web-based applications.
3. What are the components of J2EE application?
- A J2EE component is a self-contained functional software unit that is assembled into a J2EE application with its related classes and files and communicates with other components. The J2EE specification defines the following J2EE components:
1. Application clients and applets are client components.
2. Java Servlet and JavaServer Pages technology components are web components.
3. Enterprise JavaBeans components (enterprise beans) are business components.
4. Resource adapter components provided by EIS and tool vendors.
What do Enterprise JavaBeans components contain? - Enterprise JavaBeans components contains Business code, which is logic
that solves or meets the needs of a particular business domain such as banking, retail, or finance, is handled by enterprise beans running in the business tier. All the business code is contained inside an Enterprise Bean which receives data from client programs, processes it (if necessary), and sends it to the enterprise information system tier for storage. An enterprise bean also retrieves data from storage, processes it (if necessary), and sends it back to the client program.
Is J2EE application only a web-based? - No, It depends on type of application that client wants. A J2EE application can be web-based or non-web-based. if an application client executes on the client machine, it is a non-web-based J2EE application. The J2EE application can provide a way for users to handle tasks such as J2EE system or application administration. It typically has a graphical user interface created from Swing or AWT APIs, or a command-line interface. When user request, it can open an HTTP connection to establish communication with a servlet running in the web tier.
Are JavaBeans J2EE components? - No. JavaBeans components are not considered J2EE components by the J2EE specification. They are written to manage the data flow between an application client or applet and components running on the J2EE server or between server components and a database. JavaBeans components written for the J2EE platform have instance variables and get and set methods for accessing the data in the instance variables. JavaBeans components used in this way are typically simple in design and implementation, but should conform to the naming and design conventions outlined in the JavaBeans component architecture.
Is HTML page a web component? - No. Static HTML pages and applets are bundled with web components during application assembly, but are not considered web components by the J2EE specification. Even the server-side utility classes are not considered web components, either.
What can be considered as a web component? - J2EE Web components can be either servlets or JSP pages. Servlets are Java programming language classes that dynamically process requests and construct responses. JSP pages are text-based documents that execute as servlets but allow a more natural approach to creating static content.
What is the container? - Containers are the interface between a component and the low-level platform specific functionality that supports the component. Before a Web, enterprise bean, or application client component can be executed, it must be assembled into a J2EE application and deployed into its container.
What are container services? - A container is a runtime support of a system-level entity. Containers provide components with services such as lifecycle management, security, deployment, and threading.
What is the web container? - Servlet and JSP containers are collectively referred to as Web containers. It manages the execution of JSP page and servlet components for J2EE applications. Web components and their container run on the J2EE server.
What is Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) container? - It manages the execution of enterprise beans for J2EE applications.
Enterprise beans and their container run on the J2EE server.
What is Applet container? - IManages the execution of applets. Consists of a Web browser and Java Plugin running on the client together.
How do we package J2EE components? - J2EE components are packaged separately and bundled into a J2EE application for deployment. Each component, its related files such as GIF and HTML files or server-side utility classes, and a deployment descriptor are assembled into a module and added to the J2EE application. A J2EE application is composed of one or more enterprise bean,Web, or application client component modules. The final enterprise solution can use one J2EE application or be made up of two or more J2EE applications, depending on design requirements. A J2EE application and each of its modules has its own deployment descriptor. A deployment descriptor is an XML document with an .xml extension that describes a component’s deployment settings.
What is a thin client? - A thin client is a lightweight interface to the application that does not have such operations like query databases, execute complex business rules, or connect to legacy applications.
What are types of J2EE clients? - Following are the types of J2EE clients:
o Applets
o Application clients
o Java Web Start-enabled rich clients, powered by Java Web Start technology.
o Wireless clients, based on Mobile Information Device Profile (MIDP) technology.
What is deployment descriptor? - A deployment descriptor is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) text-based file with an .xml extension that describes a component’s deployment settings. A J2EE application and each of its modules has its own deployment descriptor. For example, an enterprise bean module deployment descriptor declares transaction attributes and security authorizations
for an enterprise bean. Because deployment descriptor information is declarative, it can be changed without modifying the bean source code. At run time, the J2EE server reads the deployment descriptor and acts upon the component accordingly.
What is the EAR file? - An EAR file is a standard JAR file with an .ear extension, named from Enterprise ARchive file. A J2EE application with all of its modules is delivered in EAR file.
What is JTA and JTS? - JTA is the abbreviation for the Java Transaction API. JTS is the abbreviation for the Jave Transaction Service. JTA provides a standard interface and allows you to demarcate transactions in a manner that is independent of the transaction manager implementation. The J2EE SDK implements the transaction manager with JTS. But your code doesn’t call the JTS methods directly. Instead, it invokes the JTA methods, which then call the lower-level JTS routines. Therefore, JTA is a high level transaction interface that your application uses to control transaction. and JTS is a low level transaction interface and ejb uses behind the scenes (client code doesn’t directly interact with JTS. It is based on object transaction service(OTS) which is part of CORBA.
What is JAXP? - JAXP stands for Java API for XML. XML is a language for representing and describing text-based data which can be read and handled by any program or tool that uses XML APIs. It provides standard services to determine the type of an arbitrary piece of data, encapsulate access to it, discover the operations available on it, and create the appropriate JavaBeans component to perform those operations.
What is J2EE Connector? - The J2EE Connector API is used by J2EE tools vendors and system integrators to create resource adapters that support access to enterprise information systems that can be plugged into any J2EE product. Each type of database or EIS has a different resource adapter. Note: A resource adapter is a software component that allows J2EE application components to access and interact with the underlying resource manager. Because a resource adapter is specific to its resource manager, there is typically a different resource adapter for each type of database or enterprise information system.
What is JAAP? - The Java Authentication and Authorization Service (JAAS) provides a way for a J2EE application to authenticate and authorize a specific user or group of users to run it. It is a standard Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM) framework that extends the Java 2 platform security architecture to support user-based authorization.
What is Java Naming and Directory Service? - The JNDI provides naming and directory functionality. It provides applications with methods for performing standard directory operations, such as associating attributes with objects and searching for objects using their attributes. Using JNDI, a J2EE application can store and retrieve any type of named Java object. Because JNDI is independent of any specific implementations, applications can use JNDI to access multiple naming and directory services, including existing naming and
directory services such as LDAP, NDS, DNS, and NIS.
What is Struts? - A Web page development framework. Struts combines Java Servlets, Java Server Pages, custom tags, and message resources into a unified framework. It is a cooperative, synergistic platform, suitable for development teams, independent developers, and everyone between.
How is the MVC design pattern used in Struts framework? - In the MVC design pattern, application flow is mediated by a central Controller. The Controller delegates requests to an appropriate handler. The handlers are tied to a Model, and each handler acts as an adapter between the request and the Model. The Model represents, or encapsulates, an application’s business logic or state. Control is usually then forwarded back through the Controller to the appropriate View. The forwarding can be determined by consulting a set of mappings, usually loaded from a database or configuration file. This provides a loose coupling between the View and Model, which can make an application significantly easier to create and maintain. Controller: Servlet controller which supplied by Struts itself; View: what you can see on the screen, a JSP page and presentation components; Model: System state and a business logic JavaBeans.

1. Describe the difference between a Thread and a Process?
2. What is a Windows Service and how does its lifecycle differ from a “standard” EXE?
3. What is the maximum amount of memory any single process on Windows can address? Is this different than the maximum virtual memory for the system? How would this affect a system design?
4. What is the difference between an EXE and a DLL?
5. What is strong-typing versus weak-typing? Which is preferred? Why?
6. What’s wrong with a line like this? DateTime.Parse(myString
7. What are PDBs? Where must they be located for debugging to work?
8. What is cyclomatic complexity and why is it important?
9. Write a standard lock() plus double check to create a critical section around a variable access.
10. What is FullTrust? Do GAC’ed assemblies have FullTrust?
11. What benefit does your code receive if you decorate it with attributes demanding specific Security permissions?
12. What does this do? gacutil /l | find /i “about”
13. What does this do? sn -t foo.dll
14. What ports must be open for DCOM over a firewall? What is the purpose of Port 135?
15. Contrast OOP and SOA. What are tenets of each
16. How does the XmlSerializer work? What ACL permissions does a process using it require?
17. Why is catch(Exception) almost always a bad idea?
18. What is the difference between Debug.Write and Trace.Write? When should each be used?
19. What is the difference between a Debug and Release build? Is there a significant speed difference? Why or why not?
20. Does JITting occur per-assembly or per-method? How does this affect the working set?
21. Contrast the use of an abstract base class against an interface?
22. What is the difference between a.Equals(b) and a == b?
23. In the context of a comparison, what is object identity versus object equivalence?
24. How would one do a deep copy in .NET?
25. Explain current thinking around IClonable.
26. What is boxing?
27. Is string a value type or a reference type?

1. What’s relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript? - ECMAScript is yet another name for JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3.
2. What are JavaScript types? - Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.
3. How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript? - Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16);
4. What does isNaN function do? - Return true if the argument is not a number.
5. What is negative infinity? - It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.
6. What boolean operators does JavaScript support? - &&, || and !
7. What does "1"+2+4 evaluate to? - Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 124.
8. How about 2+5+"8"? - Since 2 and 5 are integers, this is number arithmetic, since 8 is a string, it’s concatenation, so 78 is the result.
9. What looping structures are there in JavaScript? - for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach.
10. How do you create a new object in JavaScript? - var obj = new Object(); or var obj = {};
11. How do you assign object properties? - obj["age"] = 17 or obj.age = 17.
12. What’s a way to append a value to an array? - arr[arr.length] = value;
13. What is this keyword? - It refers to the current object.

1. What does a special set of tags do in PHP? - The output is displayed directly to the browser.
2. What’s the difference between include and require? - It’s how they handle failures. If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
3. I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem? - PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal. Look at the similar PHP interview questions for more numeric problems.
4. Would I use print "$a dollars" or "{$a} dollars" to print out the amount of dollars in this example? - In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like "{$a},000,000 mln dollars", then you definitely need to use the braces.
5. How do you define a constant? - Via define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT", 100);
6. How do you pass a variable by value? - Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b
7. Will comparison of string "10" and integer 11 work in PHP? - Yes, internally PHP will cast everything to the integer type, so numbers 10 and 11 will be compared.
8. When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement? - When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.
9. Explain the ternary conditional operator in PHP? - Expression preceding the ? is evaluated, if it’s true, then the expression preceding the : is executed, otherwise, the expression following : is executed.
10. How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function? - func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.
11. If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b? - 100, it’s a reference to existing variable.
12. What’s the difference between accessing a class method via -> and via ::? - :: is allowed to access methods that can perform static operations, i.e. those, which do not require object initialization.
13. Are objects passed by value or by reference? - Everything is passed by value.
14. How do you call a constructor for a parent class? - parent::constructor($value)
15. What’s the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup? - __sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.
16. Why doesn’t the following code print the newline properly? $str = ‘Hello, there.nHow are you?nThanks for visiting TechInterviews’;
print $str;
?>
Because inside the single quotes the n character is not interpreted as newline, just as a sequence of two characters - and n.
17. Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes? - Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.
18. How come the code works, but doesn’t for two-dimensional array of mine? - Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print "Contents: {$arr[1][2]}" would’ve worked.
19. What is the difference between characters �23 and x23? - The first one is octal 23, the second is hex 23.
20. With a heredoc syntax, do I get variable substitution inside the heredoc contents? - Yes.
21. I want to combine two variables together:
22. $var1 = 'Welcome to ';
23. $var2 = 'TechInterviews.com';
What will work faster? Code sample 1:
$var 3 = $var1.$var2;
Or code sample 2:
$var3 = "$var1$var2";
Both examples would provide the same result - $var3 equal to "Welcome to TechInterviews.com". However, Code Sample 1 will work significantly faster. Try it out with large sets of data (or via concatenating small sets a million times or so), and you will see that concatenation works significantly faster than variable substitution.
24. For printing out strings, there are echo, print and printf. Explain the differences. - echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:

and it will output the string "Welcome to TechInterviews!" print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.
25. I am writing an application in PHP that outputs a printable version of driving directions. It contains some long sentences, and I am a neat freak, and would like to make sure that no line exceeds 50 characters. How do I accomplish that with PHP? - On large strings that need to be formatted according to some length specifications, use wordwrap() or chunk_split().
26. What’s the output of the ucwords function in this example?
27. $formatted = ucwords("TECHINTERVIEWS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS");
print $formatted;
What will be printed is TECHINTERVIEWS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.
28. What’s the difference between htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()? - htmlspecialchars only takes care of <, >, single quote ‘, double quote " and ampersand. htmlentities translates all occurrences of character sequences that have different meaning in HTML.
29. What’s the difference between md5(), crc32() and sha1() crypto on PHP? - The major difference is the length of the hash generated. CRC32 is, evidently, 32 bits, while sha1() returns a 128 bit value, and md5() returns a 160 bit value. This is important when avoiding collisions.
30. So if md5() generates the most secure hash, why would you ever use the less secure crc32() and sha1()? - Crypto usage in PHP is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s free. First off, depending on the data that you’re encrypting, you might have reasons to store a 32-bit value in the database instead of the 160-bit value to save on space. Second, the more secure the crypto is, the longer is the computation time to deliver the hash value. A high volume site might be significantly slowed down, if frequent md5() generation is required.
31. How do you match the character ^ at the beginning of the string? - ^^

1. How do you decide which integer type to use?
2. What should the 64-bit integer type on new, 64-bit machines be?

3. What’s the best way to declare and define global variables?
4. What does extern mean in a function declaration?
5. What’s the auto keyword good for?
6. I can’t seem to define a linked list node which contains a pointer to itself.
7. How do I declare an array of N pointers to functions returning pointers to functions returning pointers to characters?
8. How can I declare a function that returns a pointer to a function of its own type?
9. My compiler is complaining about an invalid redeclaration of a function, but I only define it once and call it once. What’s happening?
10. What can I safely assume about the initial values of variables which are not explicitly initialized?
11. Why can’t I initialize a local array with a string?
12. What is the difference between char a[] = “string”; and char *p = “string”; ?
13. How do I initialize a pointer to a function?

1. What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String? StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.
2. Can you store multiple data types in System.Array? No.
3. What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()? The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.
4. How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order? By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
5. What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key? HashTable.
6. What’s class SortedList underneath? A sorted HashTable.
7. Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred? Yes.
8. What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception? A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
9. Can multiple catch blocks be executed? No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
10. Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions? Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
11. What’s a delegate? A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method. In C++ they were referred to as function pointers.
12. What’s a multicast delegate? It’s a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods.
13. How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET? Assembly versioning allows the application to specify not only the library it needs to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.
14. What are the ways to deploy an assembly? An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
15. What’s a satellite assembly? When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.
16. What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application? System.Globalization, System.Resources.
17. What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments? Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
18. How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler? Compile it with a /doc switch.
19. What’s the difference between and XML documentation tag? Single line code example and multiple-line code example.
20. Is XML case-sensitive? Yes, so and are different elements.
21. What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK? CorDBG – command-line debugger, and DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
22. What does the This window show in the debugger? It points to the object that’s pointed to by this reference. Object’s instance data is shown.
23. What does assert() do? In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
24. What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class? Documentation looks the same. Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
25. Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher? The tracing dumps can be quite verbose and for some applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive there. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing to fine-tune the tracing activities.
26. Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected? To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
27. How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application? Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
28. What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing? Positive test cases (correct data, correct output), negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling), exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
29. Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application? Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
30. Explain the three services model (three-tier application). Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).
31. What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET? SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix, but it’s a .NET layer on top of OLE layer, so not the fastest thing in the world. ODBC.NET is a deprecated layer provided for backward compatibility to ODBC engines.
32. What’s the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections? It returns a read-only dataset from the data source when the command is executed.
33. What is the wildcard character in SQL? Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
34. Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions. Transaction must be Atomic (it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions), Consistent (data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t), Isolated (no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction), Durable (the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after).
35. What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support? Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and passwords).
36. Which one is trusted and which one is untrusted? Windows Authentication is trusted because the username and password are checked with the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted, since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
37. Why would you use untrusted verificaion? Web Services might use it, as well as non-Windows applications.
38. What does the parameter Initial Catalog define inside Connection String? The database name to connect to.
39. What’s the data provider name to connect to Access database? Microsoft.Access.
40. What does Dispose method do with the connection object? Deletes it from the memory.
41. What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling? Multiple processes must agree that they will share the same connection, where every parameter is the same, including the security settings.